Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become indispensable in modern military operations, demonstrating their versatility and effectiveness across various combat scenarios. Characterized by high speed, maneuverability, and ease of operation, these platforms excel in executing missions in inaccessible and perilous environments. Initially used primarily in civilian aviation and research, their military applications surged during conflicts such as the Syrian Civil War and the ongoing Ukraine conflict, where UAVs emerged as distinct weapon systems. Current military UAVs are engaged in tasks including aerial reconnaissance, artillery fire adjustment, and direct attacks on enemy equipment and strongholds, employing kamikaze tactics or delivering munitions for remote battlefield mining. The evolving landscape of UAV capabilities has prompted corresponding enhancements in air defense tactics, including the use of firearms, artillery, and portable surface-to-air missile systems (MANPADS) to counter drone threats effectively. Notably, the Soviet-era Osa-AKM systems have remained operational, successfully targeting smaller UAVs from distances exceeding 10 kilometers with their radar and missile technologies. This resilience and adaptability underscore the critical role UAVs and air defense systems play in shaping modern warfare dynamics, reaffirming their impact on frontline engagements and force balance.
